Optimal Building Orientation (Southern Hemisphere)
1. Face North for Sunlight
The longest side of the building should face true north. This maximizes natural light and solar heat gain in winter, while allowing easy shading in summer. North-facing windows get steady sunlight throughout the day — not too harsh in the morning or afternoon.
Tip:
Use overhangs, pergolas, or verandas to block high summer sun but allow low winter sun.
2. Minimize East and West Windows
East-facing windows get harsh morning sun.West-facing windows get hot afternoon sun, which can cause overheating.
Tip:
Keep these windows small or shaded with trees, louvers, or vertical screens.
3. Capture Prevailing Breezes
In most parts of South Africa, cool breezes come from the southeast or southwest. Align windows or ventilation openings to catch these natural winds for passive cooling.
Tip:
Place openable windows on opposite sides of rooms (cross ventilation). Use courtyards or ventilation shafts to channel breezes indoors.
4. Protect from Cold Winds
Cold winter winds often come from the south or southwest. Place service rooms (garages, bathrooms, storerooms) or solid walls on these sides for insulation.
5. Use Landscaping for Support
Plant deciduous trees (lose leaves in winter) on the north side – they give summer shade but let winter sun through. Use evergreens on the south or west to block cold winds.
Example Layout Summary:
Building Side Ideal Use Reason
North Living areas, main windows Sunlight and warmth
South Bathrooms, garages, storage Less sunlight, cooler
East Bedrooms, morning light Morning sun, less heat gain
West Minimal windows, shade Hot afternoon sun.